SWOLLEN GUMS: Causes And Home Care

Swollen gums can be uncomfortable and may indicate an underlying dental or health issue. Here are some common causes and suggestions for managing and treating swollen gums:

Common Causes of Swollen Gums

1. Gingivitis: This is the earliest stage of gum disease, caused by plaque buildup on teeth. Symptoms include red, swollen, and bleeding gums.
2. Periodontitis: A more severe form of gum disease that can damage the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth.
3. Infection: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause gum swelling.
4. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to plaque and tartar buildup, resulting in gum inflammation.
5. Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause can cause hormonal changes that make gums more sensitive and prone to swelling.
6. Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamins, particularly vitamin C (scurvy), can lead to swollen gums.
7. Allergic Reactions: Reactions to dental products, food, or medications can cause gum irritation and swelling.
8. Ill-fitting Dental Appliances: Dentures, braces, or retainers that don’t fit well can irritate the gums.
9. Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, leukemia, and certain immune disorders can cause gum swelling.

Home Care for Swollen Gums

Good Oral Hygiene:

• Brush your teeth twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Floss daily to remove plaque and food particles.
• Use an antimicrobial mouthwash to reduce plaque and bacteria.

Salt Water Rinse:

• Rinse your mouth with warm salt water (1 teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water) to reduce inflammation and kill bacteria.

Hydration:

• Drink plenty of water to help keep your mouth clean and increase saliva production, which helps fight bacteria.

Avoid Irritants:

• Stay away from tobacco products and reduce your intake of sugary or acidic foods and drinks.

Cold Compress:

• Apply a cold compress to your face over the swollen gums to reduce pain and swelling.

When to See a Dentist

• Persistent gum swelling that doesn’t improve with home care.
• Gums that bleed easily.
• Severe pain or discomfort.
• Signs of infection, such as pus, fever, or a foul taste in the mouth.
• Loose teeth or changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite.

Professional Treatment

• Dental Cleaning: A professional cleaning can remove plaque and tartar that regular brushing and flossing can’t reach.
• Scaling and Root Planing: A deep-cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line and smooths the roots of the teeth.
• Medications: Antibiotics or antimicrobial mouth rinses may be prescribed to treat infection.
• Surgery: In severe cases, procedures like flap surgery or grafts may be necessary to restore gum health.

Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are key to preventing and managing swollen gums. If you have concerns or persistent symptoms, consult your dentist for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment.